Notes & Sources

2. Home of the Whopper

President Clinton made his angry denial of infidelity on January 26, 1998, following a presentation on child-care policy in the White House with his wife and the vice president at his side. The text of his statement is on record with the National Archives and Records Administration, and can be read online at: http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/New/html/19980126-3087.html.

Most of President Bush's remarks cited in this chapter are posted online at the official White House Web site: www.whitehouse.gov. Tricky to get away with those whoppers, even the little ones, with some damn minion writing down every word you say and putting it on the Internet for everyone to see!

• The various versions of the president's often-repeated whopper about the threat posed by Iraq's weapons of mass destruction can be read in their entirety there: January 21, 2003, "President Bush Meets with Leading Economists"; September 12, 2002, "President's remarks at the United Nations General Assembly"; February 8, 2003, "President's Radio Address."
• Making a pitch for Senate hopeful John Cornyn at a fundraising dinner in Houston on September 26, 2002, Bush hinted at a personal vendetta against Saddam: "[T]here's no doubt his hatred is mainly directed at us. There's no doubt he can't stand us. In fact, this is a guy that tried to kill my dad."
• Bush personally peddled the stories that Iraq attempted to obtain enriched uranium in Africa, and had also attempted to purchase aluminum tubes to help build a nuclear weapons program, in a televised October 7, 2002, speech in Cincinnati, "President Outlines Iraqi Threat."
• In his Fall 2002 multi-state campaign to drum up support for the Iraq war during October and November, 2002, the president worked to link Saddam Hussein and al Qaeda. See: October 28, 2002, "Remarks by the President at New Mexico Welcome"; October 28, 2002, "Remarks by the President in Colorado Welcome"; October 31, 2002, "Remarks by the President at South Dakota Welcome"; November 1, 2002, "Remarks by the President at New Hampshire Welcome"; November 2, 2002, "Remarks by the President in Florida Welcome"; November 3, 2002, "Remarks by the President in Minnesota Welcome"; November 4, 2002, "Remarks by the President at Missouri Welcome"; November 4, 2002, "Remarks by the President at Arkansas Welcome"; November 4, 2002, "Remarks by the President in Texas Welcome."

For more information about the companies landing the post-war reconstruction contracts in Iraq worth hundreds of billions of dollars, and their financial contributions to George W. Bush and the Republican Party, check with the Center for Responsive Politics. In particular, check out the report, "Rebuilding Iraq-The Contractors," at www.opensecrets.org/news/rebuilding-iraq.

Ambassador Joseph Wilson's credentials are established in his biography provided by the Middle East Institute, a Washington, D.C. thinktank. Over nearly three decades, Wilson served in posts with the National Security Council, the U.S. Armed Forces, Foreign Service, and State Department, and was the last official American to meet with Saddam Hussein before the launching of "Desert Storm." Wilson's own account of his trip to Niger in 2002 was published by the New York Times, "What I didn't find in Africa," July 6, 2003. Further accounts of the Wilson investigation, and the Bush Administration's persistent repetition of the Iraq-nuke stories, in the face of contradictory evidence, are reported by Nicholas D. Kristof, "White House in Denial," New York Times, June 13, 2003; Richard Leiby, "Retired Envoy: Nuclear Report Ignored; Bush cited alleged Iraqi purchases, even though CIA raised doubts in 2002," Washington Post, July 6, 2003; ABC World News Tonight, "White House knew Iraq-Africa claim was false; Bush administration forced into contrition by discovery of paper trail," July 22, 2003; Dana Priest & Karen DeYoung, "CIA questioned documents linking Iraq, uranium ore," Washington Post, March 22, 2003; Michael Isikoff, et al., "Follow the yellowcake road," Newsweek, July 28, 2003; Walter Pincus, "Bush faced dwindling data on Iraq nuclear bid," Washington Post, July 16, 2003; and Evan Thomas, et al., "(Over)selling the World on War," Newsweek, June 9, 2003.

Sixty-two million people watched Bush make his ultimate pitch for war in his 2003 State of the Union address, according to Washington Times reporter Jennifer Harper, "Bush's speech resonates with public, polls show," January 30, 2003. The speech is online at the White House Web site: "State of the Union Address," January 28, 2003.

CIA Director George Tenet's statement taking "responsibility" for Bush's use of the disproved intelligence that Iraq was seeking uranium in Africa in his 2003 State of the Union address can be read at www.cia.gov.

The disclosure about the October memos showing the CIA had warned the White House the Iraq-Niger uranium story was based on faulty intelligence was reported on July 23, 2003 by David E. Sanger and Judith Miller of the New York Times, "After the War: Intelligence; National Security Aide Says He's to Blame for Speech Error," and Tom Raum, "Bush team kept airing Iraq allegation; officials made uranium assertions before and after President's speech," Washington Post.

Secretary of State Powell's address to the UN referenced here was made on February 5, 2003. The official transcript is posted by the U.S. mission to the UN: www.un.int/usa.

The report that two trailers found in northern Iraq were for the production of hydrogen to be used to inflate balloons-not chemical weapons as asserted by the president-was made in the British newspaper The Observer, by Peter Beaumont, et al. "Iraqi mobile labs nothing to do with germ warfare, report finds," June 15, 2003. This was further confirmed when the Defense Intelligence Agency, part of the Department of Defense, came to same conclusion, as reported by Doughlas Jehl, "Iraqi trailers said to make hydrogen, not biological arms," New York Times, August 9, 2003.

The remarks by Lt. Gen. James Conway about the failure of U.S. troops to find chemical weapons in Iraq were reported by the Associated Press, Robert Burns, "Commander of U.S. marines in Iraq cites surprise at not finding weapons of mass destruction," May 30, 2003.

Information about the U.S. cooperation with Iraq in its war against Iran, and Iraq's use of chemical or biological weapons in that conflict, comes from a multitude of sources, including: Patrick E. Tyler, "Officers say U.S. aided Iraq in war despite use of gas," New York Times, August 18, 2002; "Chemical weapons in Iran: confirmation by specialists, condemnation by Security Council," UN Chronicle, March 1984; Henry Kamm, "New Gulf War issue: Chemical Arms," New York Times, March 5, 1984; Reginald Dale, "U.S. and Iraq to resume diplomatic relations," Financial Times, November 27, 1984.

The list of chemical agents sold by U.S. corporations to Saddam Hussein from 1985Ð1990 is included in the Senate report: "U.S. Chemical and Biological Warfare-Related Dual Use Exports to Iraq and their possible impact on health consequences of the Gulf War," Report by Chairman Donald W. Riegle Jr. and ranking member Alfonse M. D'Amato of the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affiars with respect to export administration, United States Senate, 103d Congress, 2d session, May 25, 1994. For more on the export of chemical and biological agents by U.S. corporations to Iraq, including a list of the companies, see William Blum's cover story in the April 1998 issue of The Progressive, "Anthrax for Export," and Jim Crogan's April 25-May 1, 2003 report in the LA Weekly, "Made in the USA, Part III: The Dishonor Roll," LA Weekly.

The information about the export from the U.S. to Iraq of dual-use technologies comes from the government's own watchdog in a report: "Iraq: U.S. military items exported or transferred to Iraq in the 1980s," United States General Accounting Office, released February 7, 1994, though published in 1992.

The Reagan administration's commitment to ensuring an Iraqi victory over Iran is well-documented in the following sources: Seymour M. Hersh, "U.S. secretly gave aid to Iraq early in its war against Iran," New York Times, January 26, 1992; sworn court declaration of former National Security Council official Howard Teicher, January 31, 1995; and Michael Dobbs, "U.S. had key role in Iraq buildup; trade in chemical arms allowed despite their use on Iranians and Kurds," Washington Post, December 30, 2002.

The information about the Saudi arms transfers to Iraq in the 1980s comes from the February 1994 GAO report cited above.

An excellent resource for the classified history of U.S. policy in Iraq is the National Security Archive, a non-profit research institute and library of declassified U.S. documents obtained through the Freedom of Information Act. The Archive obtained documents showing the White House opposed Congressional efforts to sanction Iraq for its chemical weapons use, in part to protect potential postwar reconstruction contracts: "Iraqgate: Saddam Hussein, U.S. policy and the prelude to the Persian Gulf War, 1980Ð1994," The National Security Archive, 2003. Many of the Archive's document collections are online at www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv.

Rumsfeld's efforts to connect the September 11 attacks to Saddam Hussein was reported by CBS News on September 4 , 2002: "Plans for Iraq attack began on 9/11." General Wesley Clark spoke about the pressure he received to connect September 11 to Saddam in an appearance on NBC News: Meet the Press, on June 15, 2003.

The BBC first reported on February 5, 2003 that British intelligence had concluded there was no current relationship between Saddam Hussein and al Qaeda: "Leaked report rejects Iraqi al-Qaeda link," BBC News.

The background about the alleged al Qaeda base in northern Iraq comes from Jeffrey Fleishman, "Iraqi terror camp cracks its doors," Los Angeles Times, February 9, 2003; and Jonathan S. Landay, "Alleged weapons site found deserted," Philadelphia Inquirer, February 9, 2003.

Among the many polls showing Americans believing Saddam Hussein was involved in the September 11th attacks: Newsweek poll, July 24Ð25, 2003; Program on International Policy Attitudes/Knowledge Networks Poll, July 2003; Harris Interactive Poll, June 18, 2003; CNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll, June 9, 2003 and another on February 9, 2003; Christian Science Monitor Poll, April 9, 2003; CBS News/New York Times Poll, February 10, 2003; Knight-Ridder Poll, January 12, 2003.

Saddam's alienation of fundamentalists (like Osama bin Laden) with the creation of a secular state has been widely reported by, among others: John J. Mearsheimer & Stephen M. Walt, "An unnecessary war; U.S.-Iraq conflict," Foreign Policy, January 1, 2003; Warren P. Strobel, "Analysts: No evidence of Iraq, al-Qaida cooperation," Knight Ridder Washington Bureau, January 29, 2003; Paul Haven, "Saddam, al-Qaida would be unusual allies," Associated Press, January 29, 2003; Patrick Comerford, "Will Christians of Iraq be denied the promise of peace?" Irish Times, January 6, 2003; Daniel Trotta, "Safe under Saddam, Iraqi Jews fear for their future," Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel, July 4, 2003; Matthew McAllester, "New fear for Iraq Jews," Newsday, May 9, 2003.

The information about U.S. complicity with Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia comes from: John Pilger, "The Friends of Pol Pot," The Nation, May 11, 1998; Philip Bowring, "Today's friends, tomorrow's mess," Time International, October 8, 2001; Andrew Wells-Dang, "Problems with Current U.S. Policy," Foreign Policy in Focus, July 30, 2001.

The U.S. role in the coup that led to the death of Patrice Lumumba and brought Mobuto to power in Congo/Zaire is detailed in: Howard W. French, "An anatomy of autocracy: Mobutu's Era," New York Times, May 17, 1997; Peter Ford, "Regime Change," Christian Science Monitor, January 27, 2003; Ian Stewart, "Colonial and Cold War past fuels anti-West anger in Congo," Associated Press, August 24, 1998; and Stephen R.Weissman, "Addicted to Mobutu: why America can't learn from its foreign policy mistakes," Washington Monthly, September 1997.

Background on the ouster of Brazil's Joao Goulart can be found in the June 15, 2001 report by the National Catholic Reporter, "It's time for a good national confession; Truth commissions to heal war atrocities." See also A. J. Langguth, "U.S. Policies in hemisphere precede Kissinger and Pinochet," Los Angeles Times, July 15, 2001.

America's complicity in Indonesia, first with the overthrow of an elected president, and then the invasion of East Timor, is documented by Jane Perlez, "Indonesians say they suspect CIA in Bali Blast," New York Times, November 7, 2002; James Risen, "Official history describes U.S. policy in Indonesia in the 60s," New York Times, July 28, 2001; "East Timor Revisited," National Security Archive, December 6, 2001; "CIA Stalling State Department Histories," National Security Archive, July 27, 2001; Seth Mydans, "Indonesia Inquiry: Digging up agonies of the past," New York Times, May 31, 2000.

For an overall view of human rights in China, see "World Report 2003: China and Tibet," from Human Rights Watch and "Report 2003: China," from Amnesty International. Richard McGregor reported the number of fast food chains in China in "KFC adds fast food to fast life in China," Financial Times, January 20, 2003. Information on Kodak, and growing Chinese market can be found in Joseph Kahn's "Made in China, Bought in China," New York Times, January 5, 2003. Wal-Mart's extensive dealings with China are detailed by Michael Forsythe, "Wal-Mart fuels U.S.-China trade gap," Bloomberg News, July 8, 2003. China's use of mobile execution vans was reported by Amnesty International, "Chinese use mobile death van to execute prisoners," and by Hamish McDonald, "Chinese try mobile death vans," The Age (Melbourne), March 13, 2003.

For information on all the countries around the world who suffer under dictators, authoritarian governments, or for human rights progress for any given country, check with International Centre for Human Rights and Democracy, www.ichrdd.ca; Human Rights Watch, www.hrw.org; and Amnesty International, www.amnesty.org.

Paul Wolfowitz was interviewed by journalist Sam Tannenhaus for Vanity Fair in May 2003. The Department of Defense objected to Tannenhaus's version of the interview, and posted their own transcript of the conversation. As the DOD's version doesn't make Wolfowitz look any better, I decided to use it rather than Vanity Fair's.

Professor Fatin Al-Rifai appeared on ABC's Nightline, on July 14, 2003, where she expressed her reservations about American rule. Reports on clerics gaining political stature were found in David Rohde, "GI and Cleric vie for hearts and minds," New York Times, June 8, 2003; Anthony Browne, "Radical Islam starts to fill Iraq's power vacuum," London Times, June 4, 2003. Nicholas D. Kristof's article in the New York Times on June 24, 2003, "Cover your hair," and Tina Susman's "In Baghdad, a flood of fear," Newsday, June 9, 2003 are just two reports of the emerging backlash against "westernization" in Iraq.

Dominique de Villepin's speech to the United Nations was delivered on March 19, 2003, and can be read in full here: www.un.int/france/documents_anglais/030319_cs_villepin_irak.htm.

The "Coalition of the Willing" was listed, as of April 3, 2003, on the White House Web site, www.whitehouse.gov.

Stories of the Bush administration lashing out at the French are found in the following: William Douglas, "Paris will face consequences," Newsday, April 24, 2003; "Rumsfeld dismisses 'old Europe' defiance on Iraq," CBC News, January 23, 2003; and "Commander-in-Chief," Dateline NBC, April 25, 2003.

The more ridiculous and petty attacks on the French come from many different sources, and are only a small sampling of the anti-French backlash. John Kerry and his alleged-"French" look was reported by Adam Nagourney & Richard W. Stevenson, "Bush's aides plan late sprint in '04," New York Times, April 22, 2003. For more about Jim Saxton's proposed bill to punish the French economically, see "Congress slow to act on anti-France bill," Associated Press, March 10, 2003. Ginny Brown-Waite's absolutely ludicrous call to dig up the bones of the WWII dead buried in France deserves only the most colorful coverage, so I will point you to the New York Post's March 14, 2003 article "Dig up our D-Day Dead," written by Malcolm Balfour. Richard Ruelas's Arizona Republic article "McCain isn't saying 'oui' to Bush's tax cut plan," of April 25, 2003 discusses the attack ads on the two Republican weasels who were having second thoughts about Bush's disastrous tax cut. The always level-headed Sean Hannity let his emotions get the best of him in talking about Jacques Chirac's betrayal on his one-sided debate show, Hannity & Colmes, on June 11, 2003.

From pouring French wine down the toilet, to the wonders of the Freedom Fry, to the satisfaction of rolling over photocopied French flags in an armored car, and much more, see the following: Deborah Orin & Brian Blomquist, "White House just says Non," New York Post, March 14, 2003; John Lichfield, "French tourism counts cost as Americans stay away," The Independent, July 29, 2003; Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "An Order of Fries, Please, But Do Hold the French," New York Times, March 12, 2003; "Fuddruckers jumps on 'Freedom fry' bandwagon," PR Newswire, March 14, 2003; Brian Skoloff, "Central Valley dry cleaners called French Cleaners vandalized," Associated Press, March 20, 2003; Rob Kaiser, "Sofitel surrenders, lowers French flag," Chicago Tribune, March 1, 2003; "Merchant stands his ground as Americans boycott fromage.com,"Toronto Star, February 16, 2003; J.M. Kalil, "Everything French Fried,"Las Vegas Review-Journal, February 19, 2003; Floyd Norris, "French's has an unmentioned British flavor," New York Times, March 28, 2003; Alison Leigh Cowan, "French exchange students get the cold shoulder," New York Times, July 4, 2003; and finally, for the French weasel embedded in the White House-Elisabeth Bumiller, "From the President's patisserie, building a coalition of the filling," New York Times, May 5, 2003.

If you would like to find out more about the life, and genealogy, of Paul Rivoire, visit the Paul Revere House online, www.paulreverehouse.org/father.html. For more on the integral helping hand the French gave the colonists during the Revolutionary War, track down Stacy Schiff's article, "Making France our best friend," from the July 7, 2003 issue of Time. Figures on Iraq's oil exports to various countries comes from the Energy Information Administration's "International Petroleum Monthly," for July 2003. Our overall trade numbers with Iraq for 2001 can be found through the Foreign Trade Division of the Census Bureau. Jennifer Brooks wrote of Saddam's receiving a key to Detroit in the Detroit News, March 26, 2003. Rumsfeld's visit to Iraq is well documented, and the National Security Archive at George Washington University (cited above) has a cute picture (and video) of the two men shaking hands. For a quick look, however, see Michael Dobbs, "U.S. had key role in Iraq buildup," Washington Post, December 30, 2002.

Statistics on telephones per capita in Albania, along with many other fun facts, can be found in the CIA's World Fact Book, 2003, available online at www.cia.gov. This is also a great place to start on the bare facts for any country you feel like learning a little bit more about.

Poll numbers cited for international opposition to the war in Iraq can be found in the following: Peter Morton, "U.S. citizens at odds with world on war," National Post, March 12, 2003; Derrick Z. Jackson, "World is saying 'no' to war," Chicago Tribune, March 17, 2003; "People power on world stage," Reuters, March 6, 2003; "Japanese premier says not always right to follow public opinion," BBC Worldwide Monitoring, March 5, 2003; Susan Taylor Martin, "Business of war rolls on inTurkey, opposition or no," St. Petersburg Times, March 2, 2003; and George Jones, "Poll shows most Britons still against the war," Daily Telegraph, February 13, 2003. The not-so-twisted British view of the biggest threat to world peace comes from a survey done for The Times (London), "Bush 'as big a threat as Saddam,'" February 23, 2003.

For a look at the role trade deals played in the "Coalition of the Willing," see Tom Skotnicki's "Coalition of the Winning," Business Review Weekly, June 26, 2003, Claire Harvey's "NZ leader seeks peace in her time," The Weekend Australian, April 26, 2003, Linda McQuaig's "Rebuffed president recklessly saddles up for war," Toronto Star, March 9, 2003, and David Armstrong's "U.S. pays back nations that supported war," San Francisco Chronicle, May 11, 2003.

For a general view of some of the members of the "Coalition," check out Dana Milbank's "Many willing, but only a few are able," Washington Post, March 25, 2003. Milbank's article also reports on Morocco's offer of 2,000 monkeys to help with the invasion. An interesting sidenote, while the monkeys may not have made it into war, various other non-simians did. Siobhan McDonough reported in the Associated Press on April 2, 2003, that among the ranks there were chickens, pigeons, dogs and dolphins. And while Poland did come up short on farm animals, they managed to round up a few soldiers to commit to the cause, as reported in "Poland to commit up to 200 troops in war with Iraq," Associated Press, March 17, 2003. The estimate for the percentage of world population that the "Coalition" represented comes from Ivo Daalder's "Bush's coalition doesn't add up where it counts," Newsday, March 24, 2003 and the U.S. Census Bureau's Population Clock, World Population estimate.

Information on the Lockheed Martin war machine comes from the following sources: "Liquidmetal Technologies and Lockheed Martin establish product development partnership," Business Wire, January 27, 2003; Barbara Correa, "War machine grows quickly," Daily News (Los Angeles), March 23, 2003; United States Air Force, "USAF Fact Sheet: Milstar satellite Communications System," March 2003; Craig Covault, "Milstar pivotal to war," Aviation Week, April 28, 2003; "Air Force launches a military communications satellite," Associated Press, April 8, 2003; Tom McGhee, "Bibles to bomb fins," Denver Post, April 6, 2003; Heather Draper, "Lockheed Martin set to launch 6th Milstar," Rocky Mountain News, January 22, 2003; Dick Foster, "Springs base controls 'eyes and ears' of war," Rocky Mountain News, March 22, 2003; Robert S. Dudney, "U.S. dominance in space helped win operation Iraqi Freedom," Chattanooga Times Free Press, May 25, 2003; Richard Williamson, "Wired for war," Rocky Mountain News, January 3, 2000; Tim Friend, "Search for bin Laden extends to Earth orbit," USA Today, October 5, 2001; and Heather Draper, "Liftoff: Defense stocks soar," Rocky Mountain News, October 9, 2001.

Estimates for the deaths in Iraq and Afghanistan come from related projects. For Afghanistan, see Marc Herold's "Daily Casualty Count of Afghan Civilians Killed by U.S. Bombing." Herold is a professor at the University of New Hampshire, and his report, based on an extensive and thorough study of media reported civilian deaths from the beginning of the Afghan campaign through the present can be viewed at http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mwherold/. For the war in Iraq, an identical system was set up through the Iraq Body Count, which can be found online at www.iraqbodycount.net.

Reports on affected Iraqi civilians come from Paul Reynolds, "Analysis: Risk to civilians mounts," BBC News, April 2, 2003; Lara Marlowe, "33 civilians die in Babylon bombing," Irish Times, April 2, 2003; Zeina Karam, "Injured Iraqi boy making progress: 'I feel good,'" Toronto Star, June 10, 2003; Corky Siemaszko, "Is he under the rubble?" New York Daily News, April 9, 2003; William Branigin, "A gruesome scene on Highway 9," Washington Post, April 1, 2003; Christopher Marquis, "U.S. military chiefs express regret over civilian deaths," New York Times, April 2, 2003.

Information on cluster bombs can be found in Jack Epstein's San Francisco Chronicle article "U.S. under fire for use of cluster bombs in Iraq," May 15, 2003; and also via Human Rights Watch, in particular, "U.S. use of clusters in Baghdad condemned," April 16, 2003, and "Cluster bomblets litter Afghanistan," November 16, 2001.

Steve Johnson wrote an excellent article on the "embedded journalists" in the Chicago Tribune, "Media: with embedded reporters, 24-hour access and live satellite feeds," April 20, 2003. Also check out Jim Rutenberg's "Cable's war coverage suggests a new 'Fox Effect' on television journalism," New York Times, April 16, 2003. To see the full report from Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting on the pro-war bias in evening newscasts, refer to the watch group's Web site, www.fair.org. It was published in June 2003. Neil Cavuto's comments on why he threw journalistic objectivity out the window can be found at www.foxnews.com in an article he wrote March 28, 2003, titled "American first, journalist second," Fox News.com, March 28, 2003. Brian Williams sat through shock and awe and commented on how far we'd come since fire-bombing Dresden on NBC's Nightly News on April 2, 2003. The Army's $470 million deal with Microsoft was reported in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, "Microsoft wins biggest order ever," Seattle Post-Intelligencer, June 25, 2003. ABC's World News Tonight erroneously reported the discovery of a weapons site on April 26, 2003. The September New York Times article that reheated the propaganda from the White House was reported by Michael Gordon and Judith Miller. The title of that article was, "U.S. says Hussein intensifies quest for A-bomb parts," and it appeared in print September 8, 2002.

Source articles on the story of Jessica Lynch are: Susan Schmidt & Vernon Loeb, "She was fighting to the death," Washington Post, April 3, 2003; Thom Shanker, "The Rescue of Private Lynch," New York Times, April 3, 2003; Mark Bowden, "Sometimes heroism is a moving target," New York Times, June 8, 2003; Mitch Potter, "The Real 'Saving of Private Lynch,'" Toronto Star, May 4, 2003; John Kampfner, "Saving Private Lynch story 'flawed,'" BBC News Correspondent, May 15, 2003; and Lisa de Moraes, "CBS News chief defends approach to Lynch," Washington Post, July 22, 2003.

Powell's disgust with the quality of intelligence he was to present to the United Nations was first reported by Bruce B. Auster, and others, in "Truth & Consequences," published in U.S. News & World Report, June 9, 2003. Reports of Britain's plagiarized "intelligence" were widespread, but in particular there is Sarah Lyall's "Britain admits that much of its report on Iraq came from magazines," New York Times, February 8, 2003.

Statements from Ari Fleischer and George W. Bush concerning the "yellow cake" whopper can be found at www.whitehouse.gov. George Tenet took responsibility first, as was reported by Barry Schweid, "After discredited report, finger-pointing abounds inside Bush administration," Associated Press, July 11, 2003. The October memos from the CIA surfaced and were reported by, among others, Dana Milbank & Walter Pincus, "Bush aides disclose warnings from CIA," Washington Post, July 23, 2003.

Rumsfeld's charming incoherence was in full effect on NBC's Meet the Press, July 13, 2003. Condoleezza Rice appeared on Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer, on CNN the same day, and she also showed up that busy Sunday on CBS's Face the Nation.

Former Nixon aide John Dean wrote his impressions of the whoppers Bush and his buddies had served us over the preceding months on www.findlaw.com. His article, "Missing weapons of mass destruction: Is lying about the reason for war an impeachable offense?" appeared there June 6, 2003.